Grammaire anglaise : Passive voice et reported speech
The passive voice shifts focus to the object using the formula . It is used when the actor is unknown or irrelevant. Reported speech repeats what someone said, requiring a tense backshift. For instance, present becomes past, and becomes . Pronouns and time expressions like 'now' must also shift to match the new perspective. Mastery requires practice with irregular verbs for the passive and careful attention to pronoun adjustment for reporting.
Le résumé
Comprendre le cours
The passive voice shifts focus to the object using the formula . It is used when the actor is unknown or irrelevant. Reported speech repeats what someone said, requiring a tense backshift. For instance, present becomes past, and becomes . Pronouns and time expressions like 'now' must also shift to match the new perspective. Mastery requires practice with irregular verbs for the passive and careful attention to pronoun adjustment for reporting.
Avant de commencer
Prérequis
Mastery of basic English tenses (Present Simple, Past Simple, Present Perfect)
Understanding of Subject-Verb-Object (SVO) order
Knowledge of past participles of common irregular verbs
Le plan
Structure du cours
- 1
The Passive Voice
StructureWhen to use itFocus on the action rather than the doer
Formation:
- 2
Reported Speech
Tense backshiftChanges in pronouns and timeReporting what someone said
Shift from direct to indirect speech
À retenir
Notions clés
Passive Voice Structure
À mémoriserA grammatical construction where the object of the active sentence becomes the subject.
Active: 'John eats the apple' -> Passive: 'The apple is eaten by John.' Formula:
Reported Speech Tense Shift
À mémoriserWhen moving from direct to indirect speech, verb tenses typically shift one step back into the past.
Direct: 'I am happy' -> Reported: 'He said he was happy.' .
Backshifting Rules
À mémoriserThe systematic change of tenses when reporting speech.
, , .
En pratique
Exemple résolu
Converting a news report: 'The police found the keys.'
- 1
Identify the object: 'the keys'.
- 2
Apply formula: 'The keys' (subject) + 'were' (past tense of be) + 'found' (past participle).
- 3
Result: 'The keys were found by the police.'
Mémoriser plus vite
Astuces & analogies
Passive Voice
Think of the passive voice as a camera lens zooming in on the object. The 'doer' is pushed into the background using the word 'by'.
Reported Speech Tense Shift
Think of 'Backshifting' as taking a step back in time. If you say it in the present, your reporter takes one step backward in the timeline ().
Ne plus se tromper
Erreurs fréquentes
Forgetting the verb 'to be' in the passive voice.
The passive must always include . It is the 'carrier' of the tense. Without it, you have no passive.
Forgetting to change 'I' or 'my' in reported speech.
When you report someone else's words, you must adapt the pronouns to your current perspective.
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Flashcards
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